The general aim of this project is to reconstruct the genetic history of the present population of Poland. We will perform analyzes of ancient and modern genomes to find answer to several important questions: (1) What was the population structure and genetic heterogeneity of human population inhabiting the territory of the present day Poland and was it undergoing changes during the last 4,000 years? (2) Were changes in population structure connected with major events in Polish population history? (3) Do we have in our genomes (and how big it is) an admixture of genes we inherited after Vandals, Goths and other tribes which invaded East-Central Europe during the period of Great Migrations? (4) How big are the genetic differences between various subpopulations in Poland and populations occupying the neighboring countries?